Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis among basic. This method increases the sensivity as compare to direct wet mount with dobell iodine or normal saline. Low sensitivity of the formolethyl acetate sedimentation. Pdf miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique. Using the formol ether concentration technique, 2 mg of stool sample was mixed with 7 ml of 10% formalsaline in a clean centrifuge tube. Comparison of the flotac400 dual technique and the formalin. Formalin ether concentration technique laboratory stack. An accurate diagnosis is important in order to identify individuals and communities in need of intervention, and for monitoring drug efficacy and potential emergence of resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational characteristics sensitivity and negative predictive value npv of wet mount, formol ether concentration fec, and katokatz techniques for the determination of intestinal parasitic infections.
Sedimentation techniques use solutions of lower specific gravity than the parasitic organisms, thus concentrating the latter in the sediment. Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of. We compared the accuracy of the katokatz method and etherconcentration technique for the diagnosis of soiltransmitted helminth. Formalin acts both a fixative and preservative of protozoan eggs, larvae and cysts. Free the plug of debris from the sides of the tube with an applicator stick. The sedimentation technique used at cdc is the formalinethyl acetate technique, a diphasic sedimentation technique that avoids the problems of flammability of ether, and which can be used with specimens preserved in formalin, mif or saf. There is a need for accurate diagnosis of intestinal parasite infections in humans, but currently available copromicroscopic techniques have shortcomings, such as low sensitivity. A total of 354 faecal specimens were collected from students in northwest ethiopia and screened with katokatz, wet mount. Further observations on the formolether concentration technique for faecal parasites.
Formolether concentration technique is taken as a gold standard method to detect most intestinal parasites. Clonorchiasis is a chronic neglected disease caused by a liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis. This video demonstrates both the sedimentation formolether and flotation zinc sulfate methods of stool feces concentration. The sediment was used for the parasitic examination. To evaluate a formol acetone concentration method in comparison with the conventional direct iodine preparation and formol ether concentration methods. Therefore, the employment of fec techniques as a confirmatory test in routine laboratory examination of stool will significantly aid in accurate determination and management of parasitic infections 7. Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration. Formaldehyde commercial product 1200mls na2hpo4 10. A total of 447 stool samples collected at random from pupils in six different schools in djottin were examined for intestinal parasites using formolether, formolpetrol, and direct smear and floatation techniques.
Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis among basic school. In particular, the formalin ether sedimentation technique 406th medical general laboratory mgl, first reported by ritchie 1948, is commonly used for detecting helminth eggs, larvae, and. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of control and treatment efficacy is usually determined by microscopic examination of fecal samples. A modified formalin ether concentration technique for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis article pdf available in the korean journal of parasitology 516. Diethyl ether commercial product, pml 10% neutral buffered formalin ph 7. Mix a small portion of the stool, about the size of a marble, in 10 ml 5% 10% formalin or saline in a flatbottomed waxed paper cup, carton, or 16x 125 mm test tube. Nov 23, 20 soiltransmitted helminth infections are a major public health problem. The number and percentage of infected cases with s.
Transmission of schistosoma mansoni in yachi areas. Fecal parasite examination the formolether concentration multi. The highest prevalence of infections was recorded among the age group of 19 22 years 21% in both sexes, and least infection rate in the age group of 27 30. Accuracy of the katokatz method and formalinether concentration technique for the diagnosis of clonorchis sinensis, and implication for assessing drug efficacy menbao qian, 1 peiling yap, 2, 3 yichao yang, 4 hai liang, 5 zhihua jiang, 4 wei li, 5 jurg utzinger, 2, 3 xiaonong zhou, 1 and jennifer keiser 3, 6. Evaluation of the efficacy of the mini parasep sf faecal. Miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for. According to ritchie 1948, the recovery efficiency of the mgl technique for. Strongyloides stercoralis, formalinether concentration. Different studies showed that formolether concentration technique fec is more sensitive than the conventional direct wet mount microscopy. The prepared slides and preserved specimens were transported to the medical parasitology laboratory of the aklilu lemma institute of pathobiology, addis ababa university, within four to five days of specimen collection.
Diagnostic performance of direct wet mount microscopy in. Safan alternative fixation solution for parasitological stool specimens. Formol ether concentration technique was used to analyze the stool samples. Formalinether sedimentation concentration definition of. Stool concentration techniques, especially formol formalin ether or formol ethyl acetate sedimentation concentration is the preferred method for detection of helminth eggs and protozoa cysts in many clinical parasitology laboratories, although to a lesser extent in africa and asia.
Pdf we compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalinether. Mohammad a al mofarreh 1, ahmad m al akwaa 2, sayed w hasan 1, ibrahim a al mofleh 2 1 dr. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational characteristics sensitivity and negative predictive value npv of wet mount, formolether concentration fec, and katokatz techniques for the determination of intestinal parasitic infections. The overall prevalence of ascaris infection found in this. The formolether concentration method uses 10% formalin as fixative, and ether is added for fat and debris extraction, followed by filtration and centrifugation. The formalinether concentration technique fect is a widely used sedimentation technique. With a pipette, mix the remaining sediment with the small amount or remaining fluid and transfer one drop each to a drop of saline and. Preparation of giardia cysts to evaluate the concentration methods. This six minute video presents the formolether concentration technique used to examine fecal parasites. Mar 31, 2011 this video demonstrates both the sedimentation formol ether and flotation zinc sulfate methods of stool feces concentration. A prevalence survey of enteral parasites in preschool.
The efficacy of mini parasep, a new faecal parasite concentrator developed by the company diasys europe limited formerly intersep ltd was evaluated alongside the modified formol ether concentration and direct smear techniques using 120 stool samples in calabar, nigeria between may and june, 2011. Free the plug of debris from the side of the tube by ringing with an applicator stick. Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration of. Further observations on the formolether concentration. Different studies showed that formol ether concentration technique fec is more sensitive than the conventional direct wet mount microscopy. Laboratory procedures for stool examination laboratory.
Miranda questions for research update brief summary draw and label. Comparison of the flotac400 dual technique and the. The technique recommended for the qualitative diagnosis of intestinal parasites both helminths and intestinal protozoa is the formol ether concentration method fecm, performed on three different samples, but the direct fecal smear on a single sample is used as diagnostic method more often in resourceconstrained settings. J clin pathol online june 16, 2011 preservative used 28% 26% 23% 1% 1% 21% formalin in water formalin in saline. Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasitic. The most effective method of coprodetection of strongyloides stercoralis larvae is the agar plate culture apc method as it is 1. Here we describe an alternative, cheap, rapid, simple methods for analyzing fresh produce cabbage, lettuce for contamination with giardia cysts elution followed by formol ether concentration followed by detection by pcr. Using the formolether concentration technique, 2 mg of stool sample was mixed with 7 ml of 10% formalsaline in a clean centrifuge tube. Fecal specimens from selected schoolchildren and droppings of the vervet monkeys were collected and microscopically examined for intestinal parasites using the katokatz thick smear and formolether concentration.
Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of active. This method is perhaps the most efficient concentration technique used in clinical laboratories for concentrating eggs from faeces. The labourintensive procedure and hazards associated with the use of inflammable lipid solvents have encouraged the development of commercial products such as parasep which is a. The specific gravity of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs is greater than that of water. Formol ether concentration method in the diagnosis of active schistosoma mansoni in patients with detectable iha. Four layers formed after the second centrifugation of the fact improved diagnosis of strongyloides stercoralis using recombinant antigenbased. Modified formalinether concentration technique for. Soiltransmitted helminth infections are a major public health problem.
Other techniques such as mcmaster, flotac and formolether concentration fec are also available to diagnose sths infections. Apr 12, 2018 formol ether sedimentation technique article available in pdf the use of concentration techniques increases the chances of identifying intestinal parasitic wether helminths or protozoans. Modified formalinether concentration technique for diagnosis of. The most commonly used fixatives for stool preservation are either formalin or sodium acetateacetic acidformalin saf 3, 24, 40. Comparison of methods for detecting blastocystis hominis. The two most commonly used stool concentration techniques are. Experience from the field plos neglected tropical diseases, aug 20 beatrice divina barda, laura rinaldi, davide ianniello, henry zepherine, fulvio salvo, tsetan sadutshang, giuseppe cringoli, massimo clementi. The mixture was then filtered through doublelayered cotton gauze into a clinical flask and 3 ml of diethyl ether was added and the mixture was vigorously shaken. A total of 103 samples collected from the same number of individuals were examined for intestinal parasites using the direct smear method and the formolether concentration technique. The value formolether concentration of faecal cysts. Jcdr concentration techniques, simple salt floatation, zinc. Katokatz is the method favoured by the who in prevalence studies, however formol ether concentration holds up well against kato katz in previous analysis 20, 21.
Request pdf the formolether concentration technique for intestinal parasites. Out of the 76 persons who were both reference standard and sedimentation technique negative, there were 18 only positive with iha, 5 only with katokatz and 4 with a positive hatching test only. Formolether concentration technique was used to analyze the stool samples. Strongyloides stercoralis, formalin ether concentration technique, agar plate culture, feces, diagnosis in tropical and subtropical areas, strongyloidiasis is a widespread human parasitic disease that can be lifethreatening to immunocompromised hosts as well as patients undergoing corticosteroid treatment or chemotherapy 1. Pdf a modified formalinether concentration technique. Fecal debris is extracted into the ether phase so that the parasitic forms can be separated and then sedimented by centrifugation. Here we describe an alternative, cheap, rapid, simple methods for analyzing fresh produce cabbage, lettuce for contamination with giardia cysts elution followed by formolether concentration followed by detection by pcr. Techniques\cases direct stool examination formol ether concentration present 22 23. We compared the accuracy of the katokatz method and ether concentration technique for the diagnosis of soiltransmitted helminth infections.
At the end of the study, free treatment with albendazole 400 mg was offered to all study participants. The formolether method is a widely used technique for stool examination. Formol ether concentration method is the sedimentation technique normally used for detecting parasite infections, especially eggs and protozoan cysts with a high fat in stool samples. Comparison of the katokatz method and etherconcentration. Formol ether concentration technique is taken as a gold standard method to detect most intestinal parasites. Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration of stool. The formalin ether concentration technique fect is a widely used sedimentation technique for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in preserved stool samples. Stool samples were collected processed with formol ether concentration technique and examined for viable eggs of ascaris. Diagnostic performance of mini parasep solventfree foecal. Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of active schistosoma mansoni in patients with detectable iha. Therefore, formol ether concentration technique should be adopted for routine faecal examination since it exposes a higher percentage of infection missed by direct smear method, which is the implemented method by medical diagnostic laboratories and hospitals in developing countries e. Diagnostic performance of mini parasep solventfree faecal. Formalin ether concentration method principle fecal concentration is a routine part of the ova and parasite examination and allows the. Miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for intestinal parasitic infections.
The organism was detected in 39 of the 1,000 samples investigated using the in vitro culture technique and in none of the samples using the formolether concentration technique. Formol ethyl acetate sedimentation concentration is a technique for detecting eggs in stool by microscopy, but has not to our knowledge been evaluated for s. Mix the contents of the vial by shaking vigorously or vortexing for 30 seconds. Jan 01, 2018 techniques\cases direct stool examination formol ether concentration present 22 23. This resource was developed by charles adjei osei of the kwame nkrumah university of. Principle of formal ether formalinethyl aceatate sedimentation technique. Unfortunately, the formolether methodsuffers fromthe failing ofmostconcentration procedures, that free form amoebae and cellular exudateare destroyed. In one direct comparative study formol ether showed a significantly improved sensitivity for ascaris, hookworm and trichuris 58. Formalin ether concentration technique formalin ether concentration technique is a method use to concentrate parasitic elements through sedimentation to enhance recovery.
Pdf a modified formalinether concentration technique for. Add 50ml of diethyt ether, shake well and leave for 10min, shaking. Comparison of the katokatz, wet mount, and formolether. Laboratory procedures for stool examination issued by. Al mofarreh polyclinic, kkuh, riyadh, saudi arabia 2 department of medicine, kkuh, riyadh, saudi arabia click here for correspondence address. Although the concentration procedure destroys free form amoebae and cellular exudate, additional direct examinations offormed stools free ofblood and mucus. We compared the technique, using a single stool sample and a commercial preparation kit, with three tests traditionally used in the endemic countries katokatz thick smear.
The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Dec 23, 2010 this six minute video presents the formol ether concentration technique used to examine fecal parasites. Formolethyl acetate sedimentation concentration is a technique for detecting eggs in stool by microscopy, but has not to our knowledge been evaluated for s. Formalinether concentration method principle fecal concentration is a routine part of the ova and parasite examination and allows the. Modified formalinether concentration technique for diagnosis. More than 10 faecal examination techniques are known, including direct smear ds andor concentration tada et al. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the katokatz method and the formalin ether concentration technique fect for c. The sedimentation technique used at cdc is the formalinethyl acetate.
Strongyloides stercoralis, formalinether concentration technique, agar plate culture, feces. The technique recommended for the qualitative diagnosis of intestinal parasites both helminths and intestinal protozoa is the formolether concentration method fecm, performed on three different samples, but the direct fecal smear on a single sample is used as diagnostic method more often in resourceconstrained settings. With the 50 ml centrifuge vial still loosely attached to the filter unit loose attachment will facilitate the release of air pressure during use, insert the open en d of the filter unit into the specimen vial until the. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of a further modified version of the recently developed flotac technique with that of the widely used formalinether concentration technique fect for the detection.
To assess schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren and vervet monkeys chlorocebus aethiops in bochessa village, ziway, ethiopia. Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration of stool parasites. Jcdr concentration techniques, simple salt floatation. Free the plug of debris from the top of the tube by ringing the sides with an. The manufacturers instruction was strictly followed in the evaluation of the new test while. The simplified formolether concentration is carried out as follows. Fecal parasite examination the formolether concentration. Pdf the formolether concentration technique for intestinal. A semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information from participants. Fecal debris is extracted into the ether phase so that the ethyl acetate formalin 510% nss. Suspend the residue in 100 ml of formol saline solution 100 ml 40% hcho solu tion, 9 g nac11 and rinse into a 500 ml conical flask. Bukumbi for intestinal parasitic infections with three diagnostic methods. Methods to detect protozoa are needed for food safety monitoring.
804 1572 298 101 297 867 990 921 1434 425 877 468 715 55 423 1319 218 480 214 1570 971 424 1564 1015 1532 461 233 751 263 511 522 513 647 1489 669 842 1195 1291